主语补足语与维系动词的区别(主语补足语与维系动词搭配)

系动词连接了主语和补语。这种结构中的补语是说明主语性状的，所以称为主语补足语。系动词作为实义动词的一类，具有本身的意义，但是在起到桥梁作用的同时，有些系动词会保持本身具有的意义，有些意义则会减弱或消失。例如：

1. I tasted the soup. ( taste 为及物动词，意思为“品尝”。)

2. The soup tastes wonderful. (taste 为系动词，意思为“尝起来，吃起来”，意思基本未变。)

3. He went to the cinema yesterday evening. ( go 是不及物动词，意思为“去，走”。)

4. At the news, he went mad. (go为系动词，失去了“go”的原义，意为“变得”。)

另外，英语中还有一定数量的不及物动词，完全保留了本身的词汇意义，同时又发挥着系动词的功能。它们与主语补足成分连用，所以这类词被称为“准系动词”(quasi-linking verb or half-linking verb)。用于“S+Vi+Cs”(S代表主语，Vi代表不及物动词，Cs代表主语补足语)这一句式的动词都属于这种用法。有时，主语补足语不紧跟系动词，有可能被其它状语成分隔开。以“go”为例：

5. At twenty-four, Tom went half-bald. ( go 为系动词，失去原义。)

6. After midnight, Tom went home bored.( go 为准系动词，保留原义，但同时又连接主语“Tom”和主补“bored”，“home”为副词，表示地点状语。)

用于这一句式的补语可以为各种形式，如名词词组(NP)，形容词词组(AP)，介词词组(Pr.P)，和分词短语(PP)等。现举例

Type1: S + Vi +Cs (NP)

7. We parted the best friends.

= We were the best friends when we parted.

8. I stand before you today the representative of a family in grief.

= I am the representative of a family in grief when I stand before you today.

类似的动词包括： come (back), die, fall, go, leave 等。

Type2: S + Vi +Cs (AP)

9. They were born poor, lived poor, and poor they died.

= They were poor when they were born; they were poor when they lived; they were poor when they died.

10. She married young.

= She was young when she married.

11. The morning dawned fresh and clear after the storm at night.

= When the morning dawned after the storm at night, it was fresh and clear.

类似的动词包括：arrive, come (back), dawn, fall, leave, lie, marry, return, sit, stand, turn out 等。

Type3: S + Vi +Cs (Pr.P)

12. The parcel arrived in good condition.

= When the parcel arrived, it was in good condition.

13. They separated with feelings alienation.

= They had feelings alienation when they separated.

类似的动词包括：come, die, fall, go, leave, lie, part, return, sit, stand等。

Type4: S + Vi +Cs (P.P)

14. They stood listening to him.

= They stood while they were listening to him.

15. He came home convinced that she was telling the truth.

= He came home and he was convinced that she was telling the truth.

类似的动词包括：arrive, die, fall, go, leave, lie, return, sit 等。

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