六级阅读原题2019年12月(六级阅读2019年后变难了)

12月英语六级阅读理解段落匹配2

Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised VeryDifferently

A) The lives of children from rich and poor Americanfamilies look more different than ever before.

B) Well-off families are ruled by calendars, withchildren enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-schoolprograms, according to a new Pew Research Centersurvey. There are usually two parents, who spend alot of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.

C) In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extendedfamily. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren't great forraising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble withthe law.

D) The class differences in child rearing are growing—a symptom of widening inequality withfar-reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on different paths and candeepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum (阶层), but notnecessarily others.

E) "Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children's long-term social, emotional and cognitive development," said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty andinequality in education at Stanford University. "And because those influence educationalsuccess and later earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow." The cyclecontinues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, whichcan leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.

F) American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past researchhave found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring andcompassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and acrossincome groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet theyare doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher-income parents see their children asprojects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking researchon the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. Theytry to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teachchildren to question authority figures and navigate elite institutions.

G) Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give themfar greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be compliant andrespectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-class children arehappier, more independent, complain less and are closer with family members, Ms. Lareaufound. Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents tosolve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the wayto the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from higher-incomefamilies are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools andworkplaces, Ms. Lareau said.

H) "Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely," she said. "Do somestrategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do. Willparents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it."

I) Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have lessmoney to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children tomuseums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in childrearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $75,000 a year, 84% say their children haveparticipated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art. Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% ofchildren have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.

J) Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income, less- educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say theirchildren's schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.

K) Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children biggervocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a college degreesay they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. Whiteparents are more likely than others to read to their children daily, as are married parents. Mostaffluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day care, while low-income parents aremore likely to depend on family members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% ofthose with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% ofthose with a high school degree or less.

L) The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly, parents' attitudes towardeducation do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in theimportance of education for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are notconcerned about their children's grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor parentssay it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with39% of wealthier parents.

M) Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believethat there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child's education. Parents who arewhite, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxietiesreflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much more likely to say they live in agood neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is parents' greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth ofhigh-income parents. They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.

N) In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fellright between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of theirneighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities andinvolvement in their children' s education.

O) Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between children fromhigh- and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon's research. People used to live near people ofdifferent income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than aquarter of children live in single-parent households—a historic high, according to Pew—andthese children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with marriedparents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with the increasing importanceof a college degree for earning a middle-class wage.

P) Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the past decade, evenas income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences in parenting, likereading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.

Q) Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs andreading initiatives. Addressing differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduceinequality in the next generation.

36. Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.

37. American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despitedifferent ways of parenting.

38. While rich parents are more concerned with their children's psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their children's safety.

39. The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growingsocial inequality.

40. Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both have advantages.

41. Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in differentneighborhoods.

42. Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.

43. Ms. Lareau doesn't believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affectchildren's development.

44. Wealthy parents are concerned about their children's mental health and busy schedules.

45. Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten years.

六级阅读理解参考答案：

36.G

37.F

38.M

39.D

40.G

41.O

42.K

43.H

44.B

45.P

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